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Testing heterogeneity in faunal assemblages from archaeological sites. Tumbling and trampling experiments at the early-Middle Pleistocene site of Gesher Benot Ya’aqov (Israel)
Authors:Sabine Gaudzinski-Windheuser  Lutz Kindler  Rivka Rabinovich  Naama Goren-Inbar
Affiliation:1. Forschungsbereich Altsteinzeit, Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, Schloss Monrepos, Neuwied 56567, Germany;2. Institut für Vor- und Frühgechichte, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Germany;3. National Natural History Collections, Institute of Earth Sciences/Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;4. Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
Abstract:The current paper reports an experimental case study to test the heterogeneity of faunal assemblages from the Early-Middle Pleistocene Layers V-5 and V-6 of the Gesher Benot Ya’aqov Acheulian site (Israel). Tumbling and trampling experiments were initiated to gain qualitative insight into processes of bone modification and to assess the timing of the biostratonomic chronology, as it was assumed that both mechanisms were responsible for the formation of striations documented on the bone surfaces from the site. The tumbling experiments mimicked sediment movement in a calm lacustrine shoreline environment whereas the trampling experiments investigate the role of animal/hominin activities in dry, muddy and wet environments. Models for the internal operational sequence of an abrasional process due to uni- and multidirectional water movement and of a trampling scenario are presented. These models are used for the interpretation of the fauna from Gesher Benot Ya’aqov.
Keywords:Taphonomy   Biostratonomy   Bone-surface modifications   Striations   Tumbling   Trampling   Lacustrine shoreline environment
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