明清时期碧霞元君信仰的地域扩展

碧霞元君由汉唐泰山玉女这一文学意象发展而来，宋元时期在道教的逐步吸纳和国家认同的共同推动下，其完成了从民间俗神到道教神仙的转变。明清时期碧霞元君不仅多次得到帝王致祭、赐额，成为国家“准正祀性”神灵，其信仰也从泰山一隅扩展到全国大部分地区，庙宇亦由山东等地向全国近20个省区扩展，形成了不同的核心、扩展、边缘区。碧霞元君信仰地域的扩展，与“岳镇海渎”之祭及朝廷推崇；其神职及信奉民众均多；流动官员、士商、移民的传播及道教的推动等诸多因素有关。

The Geographical Expansion of the Bixiayuanjun Beliefs in Ming and Qing dynasties

Bixiayuanjun developed from the literature image of Jade Maiden of the Tai mountain in Han and Tang dynasties.Under the common push of the adaptation of Taoism and state identity in song and yuan dynasties,it transformed from the folk god to the Taoist celestial being.The emperors sacrificed and bestowed the inscribed board to it many times in Ming and Qing dynasties,it became the state god.The Beliefs expanded from mount tai corner to the most parts of the country.The temples also expanded from shandong province to the nearly 20 provinces and formed a different core、extensions、and marginal zone.The geographical expansion of the Bixiayuanjun closely relate to the National sacrifice and government’s admire,Majority of the clergy and the local folk beliefs,government officers,merchants,immigrant’s transmission and Taoism’s pushing.