高斌《南河图说》与乾隆首次南巡研究

雍正年间黄河河政管理制度的变化,推动了清代黄河图绘制内容和机制的变化;而康熙年间张鹏翮所绘河渠水利图集的内容和形式,也影响了乾隆年间江南黄运河图集的编绘。海内外分别收藏有以江南黄河、运河、洪泽湖、淮河工程为主题的河渠水利图集一"南河图说",经考证均为乾隆十五年(1750年)江南河臣高斌、张师载等人在乾隆帝首次南巡的背景下绘制呈送的定本、副本或后人摹绘本。《南河图说》既是河督高斌反映河情、陈述治河政见、彰显治河政绩的工具,也是乾隆帝确定南巡路线、了解河务、进行河政决策的重要依据。《南河图说》的绘制、呈奏和运用在很大程度上确定了乾隆首次南巡的模式,对研究乾隆南巡和乾隆朝河政运作具有重要价值。

Studies on Maps and Interpretations of the Yellow River in Jiangnan Province by Gao Bin and First South Inspection tour of Emperor Qianlong

The reform of the Watercourse-governing institutions in the Yongzheng Reign promoted the transformation of the contents and mapping mechanism of the hydraulic maps. Zhang Penghe’s hydraulic atlas in the Kangxi Reign also promoted the appearance of hydraulic atlas on the Yellow River, the Grand Canal, the Hongze Lake and the Huai River of the Jiangnan Province during the Qianlong Reign. Several hydraulic atlases preserved in China and abroad were all painted in the 15th year of Qianlong Reign (1750) before the first inspection tour to the South of Emperor Qianlong by the Jiangnan Watercourse Viceroy Gao Bin. The Maps and Interpretations of the Yellow River in Jiangnan Province was not only the tools for Gao bin to state his Watercourse governance opinions and achievements ,but also the important base for Emperor Qianlong to make the inspection tour and find out the hydraulic situations. The painting and operation of Maps and Interpretations of the Yellow River in Jiangnan Province by Gao Bin made the pattern of inspection tour to the South of Emperor Qianlong, so it takes an important position in history of watercourse governance politics and inspection tour to the South of Emperor Qianlong.