明代盐法之演变与盐商之变化

明代的盐法是从宋元时期的盐法继承而来的，在国家专卖制度下组织了灶户制度，随着明初钞法的破坏，以及社会经济的变化，明代的盐法经历了一系列深刻的变化，如允许余盐和正盐一样可以公开进入国家的专卖体系；明中叶以后又出现了纳银开中制度等。所有的这些变化并不仅仅是盐法自身的变化，它也引起了与明代盐法变化密切相关的商人的地位与命运的变化。

The Reformation of Salt System and Salt Merchant in the Ming Dynasty

The salt system of the Ming Dynasty is the succession to that of the Song and the Yuan Dynasty. Zaohu system has been established under national monopolization system. The salt system of the Ming Dynasty underwent a series of deep change with the damage of paper money system in the early Ming Dynasty and the transformation of social economics. Furthermore , the system of Nayinkaizhong emerged after the middle period of the Ming Dynasty. All of these reformations are not merely the change of salt system itself, they also changed the status and fate of merchants, which are closely related to the reform of salt system.