GIS在北京延庆大庄科辽代冶铁遗址群景观考古研究中的初步应用

以北京延庆县大庄科乡冶铁遗址群为例,对空间结构及其与资源、环境间的关系通过GIS工具进行分析。根据对冶炼活动有显著关系的影响因子,建立遗址分布之间的定量关系,进而模拟小区域范围内的遗址预测。研究发现,该区冶铁遗址群对地理位置中的坡度和高程因素展现出较强的依赖性,主要表现为遗址的坡度(7°以下)和高程(650m以下)数值均相对较小;遗址与水系间联系明显,冶铁遗址主要集中在河流交汇处,方便冶炼过程及相关活动水源的供应;而随着冶炉容积(即冶铁产量)的增加,小范围内的冶铁遗址选择,并未以铁矿资源距离就近为最佳选取原则,表明了人类生产活动中对资源的依赖程度有所减低。

A preliminary study of landscape archaeology of the Liao Dynasty iron smelting sites in Dazhuangke, Yanqing, Beijing,using the Geographic Information System technique

This article was aimed at understanding the relationship between environment, resources and human behavior in an ancient iron smelting site using the Geographic Information System (GIS). The Dazhuangke area, at Yanqing County, Beijing, has four iron smelting sites and several iron deposits that turn out to be a suitable case for the study. According to the significance of environment and resources factors that had impact on smelting activities, the quantitative relationship between the sites distribution and the geographic characters of small area within the scope of the site were established. The study suggests that the sites were strongly dependent on the geographic characteristics such as slope and the height. Most smelting sites were concentrated in the areas with low slope (below 7°) and low altitude (below 650 meters). The relationship between the sites and rivers is close because rivers could provide access to water resources and facilitate other activities. As the development of smelting furnace (i.e., production of iron smelting) grew, a short distance to the iron ore resource was not a high priority choice among small scale iron smelting sites. The results indicate that human production activities depended less on the resources.