钧窑三问——论钧窑研究中的几个问题

本文结合古代文献对钧窑研究中的三个问题进行了考证。第一,今人多将钧窑视为宋代的“五大名窑”之一,实际上钧窑在宋至明初大体默默无闻,明后期的文献中始对其记载,但直到民国时期仍未能列入“五大名窑”,20世纪后半叶钧窑才名列“五大名窑”,前提是“钧官窑”概念的确立,是建立在某些推论基础上的产物。第二,古代文献中所指的钧窑,除了指今之钧窑的一些特殊产品外,还可能指古钧州境内其他窑场的产品,现所称的钧釉瓷可能是某些文献所记之汝窑器。第三,《清波杂志》中关于窑变朱砂红瓷的记载,应指北宋末钧窑生产的红釉瓷。

Three questions on Jun ware

This paper raised 3 points relating to the Jun Ware research base on the studies of the relevant ancient literatures. Firstly, modern scholars tend to regard the Jun ware kiln as one of the five famous kilns in Song Dynasty. But in fact, the Jun ware was hardly known during the period of Song to early Ming Dynasty. It was first documented in late Ming period. But up till the early last century, it was still not regarded as among the five famous kilns. It stepped into the list of the five famous kilns only during the latter part of 20th Century and this was mainly due to the establishment of the point of view what it was an imperial kilns which was a derived believed. Secondly, The Jun Ware documented in old literatures may not only referring to some special products from Jun kiln sites, but also quite possibly referring to products from other kilns in the boundaries of the ancient Junzhou administrative unit, and what we call today Jun glaze objects could well be what was recorded as the Ru Ware in ancient documents. Finally, in the book 'Qin Bo Za Zhi' from Song Dynasty, it was documented that there were a kind of ware that acquired the cinnabar color by accidental coloring. These objects were actually the red glazed objects in Jun Ware which were produced at the end of Northern Song Period.