鬼方:殷周时代北方的农牧混合族群

本文认为鬼方是殷周时代北方的农牧混合族 群，不是如后世匈奴那样的骑马游牧族群。在山陕北部发现的 鬼族考古遗存可以证明这一点。自鬼族之后，战国匈奴出现之 前，在山陕北部也没有真正意义上的骑马游牧民族。自新石器 时代始，今山陕北部长期以来是原始农业的分布地区，后因气 候变化，逐渐演变为半农半牧地区，遂以这种形式长期与晋南 的农业区相对峙，其间出现比较稳定的半农半牧地区与纯农 区的分界线，即后来司马迁所说的龙门——碣石线。

Gui Fang:A Herder Husbandry Group of People in the Northern Shanxi and Shaanxi Region during the Shang-Zhou Period

Gui Fang, a well known ethnic group in the northern Shanxi and Shaanxi during the Shang-Zhou period, was not a nomadic people as described in many books, but rather a group of herder husbandry or semi-nomadism. The archaeological evidence shows that there was a great agricultural development at the northern Shanxi and Shaanxi during the times of 7000aBP- 4000aBP, and, since the climatic changes, some animal husbandry was developed, therefore, the society of the region became herder husbandry or semi-nomadism.