民国初年广东乡村的基层权力机构

民国初年，受到辛亥革命冲击的广东乡村基层权力机构以各种方式恢复和重建。这些机构包括警局、区乡办事所和团局，而主要是团局。控制乡村基层权力机构的人物有士绅、商人、回乡官吏、退伍军官等，有军事经历、直接掌握武力者通常在这些机构中担任主角。由于广东政局动荡，省、县政府对乡村往往不能充分行使权力，乡村基层权力机构获得很大的独立性，有时甚至同政府、军队发生冲突。国民政府成立后，广东实行新县政，但民国初年形成的乡村基层权力机构的格局，在不少地区一直延续到40年代末。

Local Self-Government Organizations in Guangdong Countryside in the Early Years of the Republic of China

In the early years of the Republic of China,after the impact of the revolution in 1911,local self government organizations in the countryside of Guangdong Province,including police offices,administrative offices and civil corps,began to be restored or rebuilt,and the civil corps was relatively more important than the others.Among the people who controlled the organizations,such as gentry,merchants,ex officials,the retired army officers,those who had military experience or directly held military power played the leading roles.Provincial and county governments usually failed to exercise full power in the countryside due to the upheaval political situation.Therefore,the local organizations were independent to a considerable extent,and even occasionally conflicted with governments and armies.Guangdong Province put forward new county political systems after the foundation of the National Government,but the political structure in the countryside formed in the beginning of the Republican period lasted till the end of the 1940's in many areas.$$$$