城市职能演变的回顾与展望

全球化是当前世界发展的主流，全球化对城市的发展已经产生了深远的影响，一方面生产要素在城市之间的流动加强。另一方面城市主导权力扩大。加剧了城市之间的竞争。由此带来城市产业结构和产业布局的变化，促进了城市化、郊区化、绅士化等的发展。在此背景之下，全球城市在人类社会发展中的职能不断演变。其基本趋势是由生产性职能转向服务性职能。并且这种演变会伴随着全球信息化的发展逐步由多元服务向单一的人居服务发展。本在对全球城市职能演变简单回顾的基础上。根据全球化发展的趋势。探讨了全球化对城市职能演变的影响，并预测未来城市职能的变化趋势。

THE REVIEW AND PREVIEW OF URBAN FUNCTION EVOLUTION

From the origin, three steps have been finished in the history of urban function changing. First, in the times of agriculture, urban function is very simple only for the rule and basic living and marketing. Second, in the times of dominant industry, social production is the main function of cities, especially the three industry revolutions accelerating production development. In cities, almost all the activities are for the production. And the urban development goal is to enlarge the production quantity, advance the production skill. Third, to the contemporary era, with the wealth accumulation and the living level elevation people recognized that super-development of production has harm on the continual development of human society. And the service demand in order to living is more and more important. So the multi-service function exists with the produce function at the same time. This integrative service just begins.The main tendency of world development is globalization, which have made far-reaching impact on the urban development. On the one hand, with the transportation improvement, urban factor flowing between cities accelerate, so as the linkage strengthen; On the other hand, the urban ability of controlling advances, so as the competitive is getting more and more direct. With this urban competitive being intensive, the industry arrangement and structure will change continually. Under this circumstance, urban function will continue to change from producing to servicing. This paper analyzes the form mechanic of this track from three main aspects, includes productions going ahead, politics getting unimportant, market economy development, etc. There into the economy factor, the forming of industry cluster has important influences on the function changing of cities. It results in that new function group of city migrate from the center to the suburb, and absolutely concentrate in distribution. So the demand of integrative service to the city is getting more and more necessary.According to the above analyses, four parts were composed of this paper. The first parts defined the function of cities, based on experts in land and aboard. In the second parts the three steps and its forming mechanics were taken on. The third part is the main parts. Globalization's influence and acceleration on the urban function's changing were analyzed. And the urban future main function, the professional integrative service were put forward. A chart was made to express this function. At the last part, this paper makes a brief summary for the urban function changing and its development direction.