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The Early Middle Pleistocene Site of Gombore II (Melka Kunture,Upper Awash,Ethiopia) and the Issue of Acheulean Bifacial Shaping Strategies
Authors:Rosalia Gallotti  Carmine Collina  Jean-Paul Raynal  Guy Kieffer  Denis Geraads  Marcello Piperno
Affiliation:1.Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Antichità,Sapienza Università di Roma,Rome,Italy;2.CEPAM, UMR 6130, CNRS–Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis,Valbonne,France;3.CNRS, UMR 5199 PACEA IPGQ, Université de Bordeaux 1,Talence,France;4.Department of Human Evolution,Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology,Leipzig,Germany;5.Italian Archaeological Mission at Melka Kunture and Balchit,Le Crest,France;6.UPR 2147 CNRS,44 rue de l’Amiral Mouchez,Paris,France
Abstract:The Gombore II site dates to circa the Brunhes Matuyama Reversal and is one of the Acheulean localities of the Melka Kunture (Upper Awash, Ethiopia) archaeological complex, known since the 1970s. In 2001, this locality was selected as the site for an Open Air Museum and thus excavated. The excavation area has yielded an abundant Acheulean lithic assemblage manufactured on volcanic raw materials in close association with numerous paleontological remains. A technological analysis was carried out on a fraction of the bifacial tools (bifaces and cleavers) which could be temporarily removed from the displayed surface in the museum. This set of artefacts reveals new data about the bifacial shaping strategies adopted at the beginning of the Middle Pleistocene in Ethiopia. The use of obsidian and the systematic manufacturing of twisted bifaces are original features of the assemblage. These data are discussed in the framework of penecontemporaneous East African sites.
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