山西省稷山县农村公共卫生事业述评(1949～1984年)——以太阳村(公社)为重点考察对象

山西省稷山县太阳村(公社)是集体化时代闻名全国的卫生红旗单位,其公共卫生工作及合作医疗制度建设成绩斐然,具有明显的典型意义和时代特征。不过,这种农村公共卫生事业是建立在计划经济体制和高度集中的政治体制以及较低医疗保障水平基础上的,并与历次政治运动关系密切。改革开放后,经济体制逐渐向市场经济过渡,稷山县公共卫生事业因难以适应新的社会经济体制而最终走向了衰落,但其经验和教训可为今后创新农村公共卫生事业、建立新型合作医疗体系提供有益的借鉴。

Taking Sun Village(Commune)as a key object of Investigation

The Sun Village(Commune)in Jishan County of Shanxi Province was an advanced unit well known throughout the country in the period of collectivization.It scored outstanding achievements in the work of public health or cooperative medical service,which had clearly typical significance and temporal characteristics.However,this kind of public health cause was based on the planned economy,highly concentrated political system and low level of medical safeguards;more- over,it was closely related to political movements.With the adoption of reform and opening-up in China,the economic system gradually moved towards a market economy and the public health cause in Jishan County was finally on the wane due to its inability to conform to the new socio-economic system.