从碑刻看明清以来苏州社会的变迁——兼与徽州社会比较

明清以来的苏州家庭经历了一个从大家族聚宗而居到以小家庭为主的变迁模式 ,形成了一个遍布城乡的社区保障网络 ,大众心态呈现出多元信仰及求实变通的趋势。在家庭、社区、大众心态这三个相互作用又制约的三个层面中 ,商品经济的发展是推动其不断变迁的内在动力。徽商输回徽州的商业利润强化了原有的宗族势力 ,社区保障则是通过宗族系统来实现 ,大众心态也呈现出信仰一元、理学独尊的格局。同在商品经济的推动下 ,却走上了一条与苏州相反的道路

Social Changes in Suzhou Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties as Seen from Tablet Inscriptions and in Comparison with the Huizhou Society

Family pattern in Suzhou experienced, since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, a shift from the large tribal clan living together to small families. With the latter as the basis, community security networks came into form, covering both the urban and rural areas around. In social psychology, the shift was toward multiple faith, pragmatism and variability. Continuous changes were found within the three mutually conditioning as well as interacting levels of the family, the community and mass psychology, with the development of a commercial economy functioning as the internal dynamism. In contrast, the profits the Huizhou merchants sent home strengthened the original clan power. Social security was founded through clan relations while mass psychology continued to be unitary, with Neo Confucianism prevailing. While the motive force was also the development of commercial economy as the case in Suzhou, Huizhou obviously traveled in the opposite direction.