欧美博物馆藏品注销制度与规则

注销是指将藏品从博物馆藏品清单及库房中移除的行为。欧美博物馆在注销方面已有比较成熟的经验,为保证注销过程的规范化,博物馆专业组织及诸多博物馆都订立注销标准,以"符合博物馆宗旨""不能因营利目的注销"为基本原则,并辅以藏品保存状况、独特性、可用性等方面的考量。在处置已注销物品时,博物馆会优先采用非出售的方式,并且尽量将藏品保留在"公共领域",以保护公众利益。虽然藏品注销极易引起争议,但也有正面意义。藏品"只入不出"的做法在某种程度上并不利于博物馆可持续发展,注销有助于优化馆藏、节约资源,对于藏品管理颇具正面意义。

Deaccessioning Policies in European and American Museums

Deaccessioning refers to the process by which a work of art or other object is removed from a museum's collection.Deaccessioning has been practiced in museums in Europe and the United States and criteria have been set up for the regulation of the deaccessioning process.These criteria are based on the principals of"consisting with the mission of the museums"and"cannot be deaccessioned for profit"with considerations on the object's condition,rarity,and interpretive potential.When disposing of deaccessioned objects,the museum prefers not to sell them but try to keep them in the"public domain"to protect the pub-lic interest.While deaccessioning often causes controversies,it does have some positive outcomes.The"ac-cessioning only"mindset and practice is not conducive to the sustainable deve-lopment of museums.Deac-cessioning helps to optimize collections and save resources and is therefore mea-ningful to museum collec-tion management.