蒙古汗国与元朝关系的考察

本文认为 ,蒙古汗国是在兼并草原诸部的基础上 ,按游牧民族传统建立起来的 ,具有浓厚的家产制政治特点。这体现在国家分封制结构和汗位继承方式上。忽必烈虽然打败了阿里不哥 ,但作为全蒙古大汗 ,他的地位并没有得到全体宗亲的承认 ,拖雷系与窝阔台系以及拖雷系内部的阿里不哥裔、蒙哥裔、忽必烈裔之间此伏彼起的斗争 ,也说明蒙古汗国分裂的事实。进而认为 ,元朝是从蒙古汗国分裂出来并经过扩张后建立的国家 ,与西方蒙古四大汗国建构历程相似。四大汗国与元朝并无宗藩从属关系。

An Examination on the Relationship between Mongol Khanate and Yuan Dynasty

This paper thinks that Mongol Khanate, based on the annexation of various steppe tribes,was founded in the light of the tradition of nomadic people.The Khanate had strong political characteristics of family property system, which was reflected in the structure of state enfeoffment system and inheritance way of the Khan position.Although Kublai defeated Abrike, his position as the great Khan of the whole Mongol was not thus admitted by all clan relatives.The struggles between Tore sect and Ogodai sect and the constant strugles of Abrike's offsprings and Mongke offsprings as well as Kublai's offsprings in Tore sect showed the fact which Mogol Khanate was splitted.The paper further considers that the Yuan Dynasty was founded only after it was seperated from the Mongol Khanate and expanded.It had a similar experience with the four great khanates to the west of Yuan Dynasty.The relationships between the Yuan Dynasty and the four khanates were not that of surain and vassal state.