释“北洋”

"北洋",在中国近代史上是一个习见名词,内涵数变。其源头古意仅是地域名称。第二次鸦片战争后,转成官职概念。北洋大臣的设置是清朝外交从地方到中央的转变,从南到北位移的过渡,在李鸿章之手,天津的屏障外交作用得以充分发挥。到袁世凯的"北洋",含义再变,前此侧重外交和洋务的意味淡去,而更多地具有了军事政治派系的命意,进而成为中国主要统治集团的称谓。

Comments on Pei Yang

Pei Yang(北洋)is an idiomatic expression in modern China.Originally,it was a place name;after the Second Opium War,it became the government post,the office of the Commissioner of Trade for the Northern Ports was a change of Chinese diplomatic power from regional politics to the central government.The screen of Chinese foreign policy has been given full play by Li Hong-chang.Pei Yang became the name of important faction in the Yuan Shih-kai times.