清代江南乡村的水利兴替与环境变化——以平湖横桥堰为中心

本文着重考察江南乡村的水利环境与社会变迁,从观察平湖县横桥堰为中心的区域背景入手,解析有清一代与江南的众多水利设施有着相似情况的横桥堰及其周边社会,特别是将环境变化置于自然与社会两方面考察,分析其对水利设施屡次兴复和周期性堙废的深刻影响;详细说明乡村水利与社会各阶层的诸种关系,尤其是以官绅阶层为代表的各类人物,在地方水利事业重建过程中的不同表现,而府、县两级地方行政官员的更替出现与影响,也在此过程中得以清晰地展示,从而建构起一个小地方的水利社会史,真切地感受当时的社会与环境变化,并据此略窥清代中国地方社会的一些重要生活侧面。

The Rural Water Conservancy and Environmental Changes in Jiangnanin Qing Dynasty

This article discussed the rural water conservancy environment and social changes by looking into the background of Hengqiao weir located in Pinghu County, Zhejiang province, during the Qing dynasty, analyzed the relationship between natural changes and social evolution, opened out the effect on rural life or agriculture by the water conservancy being destroyed or rebuilt. The article also pointed out the various behaviors from different social class including bureaucracies, gentlemen and commonages. The regional social history could be established by studying this small weir and its circumjacent society, and embodied some typicality in Jiangnan delta.