荥阳官庄遗址制陶作坊出土陶泥陶坯的科学分析

河南省荥阳官庄遗址发现了用于制陶的粘土原料以及未烧制的陶坯,这为研究西周中期以后中原制陶技术提供了不可多得的研究资料。为此,本研究利用能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪、X射线衍射分析仪分析了部分原料和陶坯,并使用马弗炉对其中的陶泥进行了烧制实验。结果发现,官庄遗址的制陶原料含铁量较高,烧制过程中析出磁铁矿等铁类矿物,且烧成陶色偏深;此外,制陶原料和同期陶片之间物相的趋同性和化学成分的聚类性,显示陶器本地生产的特性。研究结果为研究西周晚期至春秋早期时期制陶技术提供了基础材料。     

郑州商城遗址的商墓与商城

对郑州商城二里岗期墓葬的分析表明,商城中聚集了多元的人群,先商以来的大型亲缘组织此时可能趋于解体,人群依等级和职业在城内外居处。郑州商城的建造是对大量聚集的都城人口的地缘整合,同时也以其宗教意义影响了埋葬习俗。     

略论商周青铜弓形器的形制演变

本文对商周青铜弓形器进行了分类研究,并探讨了其形制演变和空间分布。     

“多维视域下的当代考古学学术研讨会”在郑州大学召开

正2013年11月9~10日,由中国社会科学院考古研究所考古杂志社、郑州大学历史学院、郑州大学历史文化遗产保护研究中心联合主办的"多维视域下的当代考古学学术研讨会"在郑州大学召开,来自高校、科研院所、考古类期刊和出版社的50余名专家学者参加了会议。郑州大学党委副书记吴宏亮教授、中国社会科学院考古研究所副所长白云翔研究员、文物出版社总编辑葛承雍教授在研讨会开幕式上先后致辞。白云翔先生指     

商墓中的毁器习俗与明器化现象

<正>用打碎了的陶、铜、玉器随葬,或者用非实用性的明器随葬,是商文化墓葬中常见的现象。前者流行于二里岗文化时期,后者则以殷墟文化时期为盛。这两种看似不相关的习俗之间,却有着内在的联系。它们在商代中期的此消彼长,反映了商代丧葬观念的变化。本文拟对此进行简单探讨。     

荥阳官庄遗址两周时期制陶原料的来源及加工工艺分析

为探讨官庄遗址两周之际制陶原料的选取与陶泥料加工工艺的差异,本研究以官庄遗址泥料坑出土夹砂陶泥料、泥质陶泥料及泥制陶坯、夹砂陶坯,和遗址所在自然沉积地层中的全新世古土壤、马兰黄土、附近枯河河道河砂为主要研究对象,采用粒度、磁化率、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)分析方法对样品进行分析实验。研究结果表明:1)官庄制陶原料来自于遗址所处地点的晚更新世、全新世以来的沉积地层,其中夹砂陶泥料和陶坯中的羼合料主要取自于枯河河道中的河砂;2)遗址使用期间,早晚不同时期的陶泥料选取和加工工艺有所不同——早期以马兰黄土或全新世古土壤为原料,经严格的淘洗工序后,选用优势组分为1～11 μm的部分添加河砂制备成夹砂陶泥料,粗粒河砂与细粒黏土比例为1∶4;而晚期出现了以全新世古土壤为原料,直接或只经过简单淘洗工序后制备成泥质陶泥料。     

青铜文化的核心——殷墟青铜器

青铜是铜和锡、铅等金属的合金,青铜器是用青铜合金制成的容器、武器、工具、乐器,以及装饰品等。以殷墟文化为代表的晚商时期,是我国青铜器铸造的一个高峰期。殷墟出土的青铜器,无论是在数量上,还是在精美程度上,都是举世瞩目的。它对中国同时代其他地区的青铜器造型、器物组合、纹饰,直至丧葬习俗、礼制制度产生了重大影响,是中国青铜文化的核心所在。     

河南荥阳官庄遗址陶范物源及制作工艺分析

Guanzhuang site is located in the west of Guanzhuang Village, Gaocun Township, Xingyang City, Henan Province. From the site, more than 3 000 pottery moulds have been unearthed, with various types, including the moulds for containers, tools, chariots, weapons, money and core, etc. According to the types and decorations of pottery moulds and the characteristics of co - existing pottery, the pottery moulds of Guanzhuang site can be divided into two periods—Phase I dating from the late Western Zhou Dynasty to the early Spring and Autumn Period, and phase TJ considered between the early and middle Spring and Autumn Period. The change of bronze ware styles from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period was important in the development of ancient Chinese bronze wares. Due to the lack of archaeological data, research on pottery moulds during the two - week period was still insufficient; discussion of the important issue of standardizing the sources of raw materials was also relatively weak. Environmental archaeology has relatively mature methods and practices in depositional dynamics, depositional processes and provenance tracing, which could provide new ideas for further in - depth discussions on this issue. In order to understand the material sources and craftsmanship of pottery moulds unearthed from Guanzhuang site in Xingyang, Henan Province, samples of Guanzhuang pottery moulds and natural sedimentary strata were studied using particle size analysis, XRF and petrographic analysis to give the following results. 1) The raw materials for mould - making were taken from the late Pleistocene Malan loess layer under the cultural layer of the site. The Malan loess underwent simple manual elutriation before being used to make pottery moulds. 2) A small amount of plant ash and calcium nodule powder was added during the production process of pottery moulds as an admixture to increase the high - temperature resistance. 3) The inner side of pottery mould for container was mainly made of Malan loess, while the outer one was made of a mixture of Malan loess and river sand with a blending ratio of about 7:5. Pottery moulds for various ware types had different processing techniques (e.g., moulds for containers were more refined). Besides, compared with early pottery moulds, later ones are relatively rougher, but the difference is not obvious. 4) The petrographic characteristics of double - layer container moulds indicate that there are different production processes for the inner and outer sides of mould. The inner side was made of Malan loess with finer particles—below 100 μm—as the raw material after elutriation, and there were traces of directional trimming. The outer one was made of a mixture of two parts of minerals (coarse and fine), and there was no obvious processing trace. Analysis of sample particle size is a new attempt to discuss the material sources of pottery moulds. The related discussion of mud - clarifying ponds is also helpful to understand the function of such relics and the formation process of accumulation in them. This study has important reference significance for exploring the material and craft characteristics of pottery moulds before and after the early Spring and Autumn Period in the Central Plains. © 2023, Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology. All Rights Reserved.