环境变化对画布与颜料层之间相互作用的影响

本文运用双轴应力测试仪测定了单纯画布和带颜料层画布在同样环境温度、湿度变化下所产生的应力变化、这项测试为研究画布和颜料层之间的相互作用提供了第一手资料。通过比较实验发现,油画的开裂和老化主要由颜料层引起的,实验还证明：微小温度变化对油画应力变化具有显著影响以及环境相对湿度pH＞90％将严重威胁油画的保存。     

Swahili women since the nineteenth century: theoretical and empirical considerations on gender and identity construction

This paper provides an analysis and update on the theoretical discussion about the link between gender and identity and uses a group of Swahili women in eastern Africa as an example of how this link works in practice. The first part of the study provides a brief overview of gender theory related to the terms "gender" and "identity." It is noted that gender is only one aspect of identity and that the concept of gender has undergone important changes such as the reconceptualization of the terms "sex" and "gender." The second part of the study synthesizes the experiences of Swahili women in the 19th century when the convergence of gender and class was very important. The status of Muslim women is reviewed, and it is noted that even influential women practiced purdah and that all Swahili women experienced discrimination, which inhibited their opportunities for socioeconomic mobility. Slavery and concubinage were widespread during this period, and the participation of Islamic women in spirit possession cults was a way for women to express themselves culturally. The separation of men and women in Swahili culture led to the development of two distinct subcultures, which excluded women from most aspects of public life. The third part of the study looks at the experiences of Swahili women since the 19th century both during and after the colonial period. It is shown that continuity exists in trends observed over a period of 200 years. For example, the mobility of Swahili women remains limited by Islam, but women do exert influence behind the scenes. It is concluded that the socioeconomic status of Swahili woman has been shaped more by complex forces such as class, ethnic, religious, and geographic area than by the oppression of Islam and colonialism. This study indicates that gender cannot be studied in isolation from other salient variables affecting identity.     

George III: a revised view of the royal malady

George III of England's episodic psychotic illness is described. The data has previously been used to substantiate the diagnosis of an unlikely hereditary metabolic disease, porphyria. A scientific perspective, aimed at removing psychiatric diagnosis from dependence on subjective evaluations, is corrected by the diagnosis of a mood disorder. His unipolar mania of late onset is a syndrome, the sine qua non of bipolar disorder, in this instance complicated by the toxicity of quinine, antimony, and purgatives.     

欧洲华侨华人概况

欧洲华侨华人概况ＦｒａｎｋＮ．Ｐｉｅｋｅ著李明欢译（一）引人注目的中国移民潮自１９７８年中国实施改革开放以来,尤其是１９８５年中国放宽了对出国人员的审批条例之后,离开中国前往世界各地的移民达到了一个空前未有的高潮。在这之前的数十年里,中国曾经对人口迁...     

尼日利亚人文地理学研究的趋势

本文系研究英国和美国学术传统对尼日利亚地理学所产生的深远影响.如同英美地理学一样,尼日利亚地理学的特点也是采用了多种模式.一些地理学家已将这些研究成果记载入英美人文地理学中.他们普遍认为地理学是以连续出现,不断更新,始终活跃的许多思想流派为其特点的.布伦德等人(1978)提出的地理学演变模式包含了该学科发展史中的基本要素.他们依照时间顺序归纳了四个方面的研究传统:人文环境、空间分析、行为分析及基本的一结构的模式.在地理学中采用生态研究方法是基于如下的观点:即一个地区中的自然现