金沙遗址出土象牙、骨角质文物现场临时保护研究

为寻求一种实际可行、安全可靠的出土象牙、骨角质物现场加固保护的方法,通过用几种加固剂在象牙等样品上做渗透加固实验,对比、筛选出效果较好的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛加固剂,用该加固剂对考古发掘现场的象牙等进行现场临时加固,效果尚可。     

重庆万州大坪墓群人骨鉴定

2004年11月20日,本文作者受湖南省益阳市文物管理委员会委托,对出土于重庆万州大坪墓群的两座墓葬的人骨进行了形态学观察和测量并进行了性别及年龄鉴定。通过近年的观察及测量,作者感觉到不同地区人骨的颅骨骨壁厚度可能存在差异性,但尚未作相关的统计学研究。     

平遥纱阁戏人《大进宫》的保护修复

《大进宫》在保护修复过程中,既有民间非遗传承艺人采用传统工艺对戏人缺失、残缺部位进行补配修复,又有文物保护技术人员应用现代检测手段对戏人材料进行分析研究,并用现代保护材料对脆弱纸张进行脱酸、加固,对脏污脆弱纺织品进行清洗、加固。传统工艺与现代技术完美结合,既保护修复了文物,又传承了民间传统制作技艺。     

湖北省巴东县孔包汉墓人骨鉴定

2002年底,中山大学人类学系在湖北省巴东县沿渡河镇孔包村对三座东汉晚期石室墓进行了发掘。考古人员采集了墓室内的全部牙齿和尚未变成粉状的四肢长骨残段。2003年4月作在中山大学人类学系人类学实验室对这三座墓内出土的人骨资料进行了人类学的形态观察并进行了性别和年龄鉴定。     

陕西潼关南寨子遗址出土人骨研究

2010年陕西省考古研究院在南寨子遗址半坡文化墓葬M2、M3、M4和M5中采集了一批人骨。因骨骼保存状况较差,头骨大多破成碎片,多数骨骼只能进行性别、年龄的推断,无法进行系统的种族人类学的研究。性别、年龄的判断方     

成都金沙遗址雍锦湾墓地人骨鉴定报告

本文对出土于金沙遗址雍锦湾墓地的人骨进行了性别、年龄的鉴定结果进行了统计分析,同时对该墓地特殊的葬俗进行了分类描述,希望从人类遗骸的角度对该遗址的考古学研究提供帮助.     

元君庙墓地合葬墓的使用过程研究

本文以元君庙墓地合葬墓内人骨埋藏特征为主要分类标准,将合葬墓分为单一人骨埋藏特征合葬和多种人骨埋藏特征合葬两大类。通过分析合葬墓内人骨埋藏特征的形成过程及原因可知,合葬墓内人骨埋藏特征多形成于墓葬的原始埋藏阶段,且多为人为原因造成,与墓葬埋葬方式和葬俗密切相关。墓室内死者肉体完全腐烂和人骨水平位移所需的时间和空间,是合葬墓人骨埋藏特征形成的必需条件。因此,合葬墓的使用过程并非都是一次填埋与安葬而成,部分合葬墓存在多次使用的现象。合葬墓的多次使用现象对于研究当时社会复杂的丧葬习俗等方面具有非常重要的意义。     

俄罗斯布里亚特共和国佐尔戈尔Ⅰ、Ⅱ号墓地鲜卑人骨研究

1998年俄罗斯科学院主持发掘了俄罗斯布里亚特共和国佐尔戈尔Ⅰ、Ⅱ号墓地,辨认出几座鲜卑墓葬并确认这批鲜卑人群属蒙古人种,在蒙古国和俄罗斯布里亚特共和国都很少见到关于鲜卑考古学文化遗存的报道。利用获赠的这批珍贵的鲜卑人骨材料数据公布人种学分析数据,同时,与同时期中国以及蒙古高原其他地区出土的鲜卑人种学研究材料进行对比分析,试图用体质人类学方法,对蒙古高原鲜卑人的体质特征、演变以及人种构成进行初步探讨。该墓地人骨,与拓跋鲜卑的扎赉诺尔A组之间的欧氏距离系数最小,属于北亚蒙古人种。     

成都市新都区新石器时代晚期土坑墓提取与保护

2008年1月,成都文物考古研究所与成都市新都区文物管理所在对一新石器时代晚期聚落遗址进行的考古发掘中,清理出土了二座竖穴土坑墓,其中M1墓葬人骨基本完整,具有较高的研究价值,但因年代久远和有害环境的影响,骨质已粉化,不便于直接提取人骨。为了有效地保护这一新石器时期人类骨骸,为后期的科学研究保存下这一珍贵的实物资料。决定采取套箱法对整座土坑墓进行提取的方式保护人骨,经过多方试验,确定采用A305黏结剂修复骨架裂纹,用GSA-102保护剂,B365作加固进行保护。经观察表明,本次土坑提取与保护取得了良好效果,并制定了一套科学的保护方案。该土坑墓的成功提取和科学保护,为今后在潮湿环境中的古遗址保护提供了可供借鉴的经验。     

文明从昙石山走来

1976年,古学者从昙石山发掘出土的人骨进行了观测和测量,认定四、五千年前生活在闽江口的昙石山人接近于蒙古人种中的南亚类型,同时又具备了澳大利亚尼格罗人种的特征。到了二十世纪最后一、二年,学者们还发现昙石山人的颧骨下有一块骨骼,曾因为它是部分日本人的专有结构,因此被命名为“日本人骨”。这不能不说是考古与人类学上一次重要的发现。     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Studies on amerindian dogs, 1: Carbon isotopes in relation to maize in the diet of domestic dogs from early Peru and Ecuador

Work initiated purely as a dating project in support of a craniometric and morphological investigation of domestic dogs from early Peru has proved to have much wider implications. The stable carbon isotoperatios (¹³C/¹²C) of hair samples from ten dogs show that maize formed a significant part of their diet. Radiocarbon dates for these remains have confirmed that they belong to the period well after the cultivation of maize was first established. Stable carbon isotope measurements can thus be used to test for the presence of maize as a dietary constituent at earlier sites even where there is otherwise only indirect evidence for its cultivation. Collagen from animal or human bone is a suitable alternative to hair for this purpose and the method has been successfully applied to collagen dating to c. 3000 BC from the Valdivia culture site of Real Alto, Ecuador, as well as to a series of early Peruvian dogs.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Die Kunst des Anschlags. Elisabeth Caland und die Physio‐Ästhetik des Klavierspiels

The Art of Touch. Elisabeth Caland and the Physio‐Aesthetics of Piano Playing The issue of how it is possible to play the piano without striking it was raised by Chopin: one must ‘caresser’ and not ‘frapper’ the piano. In her teachings on the art of piano playing, Elisabeth Caland (1862–1929) attempts to articulate a scientifically grounded solution to this complex (kin‐)aesthetic problem. The solution turns on her intuitively discovered ‘lowering of the shoulderblades’ which was documented in 1904, through X‐rays, by the Berlin physiologist René du Bois‐Reymond, and recorded as a way of coordinating movement which had been unknown to physiology up to that time. Caland's physio‐aesthetic of piano playing, which she worked out on the basis of du Bois‐Reymond's observations, turns on the ideal of ‘floating sound’ put forward by her teacher Ludwig Deppe, and on Ferruccio Busoni's technique of piano playing. Her method makes essential use of what Feldenkrais would later call the ‘sixth sense’ (i.e. proprioceptive perception); in fact, it represents the first modern kinaesthetically based conception of piano playing. Caland's doctrine of touch was ahead of its time and it virtually disappeared from discussions of piano technique after 1930. But it has become accessible again through reprints of her most important writings: Deppe's doctrine of piano playing (1897), Sources of power in piano playing (1904), and Artistic piano playing (1910).     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

Comparison of analytical techniques for analysis of archaeological bronze

While many analyses of archaeological bronzes have been reported in the literature, in practice it is very difficult to compare them. To assess the present status of the chemical analysis of bronze two ancient objects—a flat axe (arsenic bronze) and a sickle (tin bronze)—were cut into pieces weighing about 2 g each and were distributed to 11 laboratories. The participants used the following methods for analysis: INAA, ED–XRF, PIXE, TRXRF, FAAS, ICP–AES, ICP–MS, SEM–EDS, LA–ICP–MS and PGAA. The samples were analysed in at least quadruplicate. Dixon's and Iglewicz and Hoaglin's tests were used to detect outliers. The majority of methods provided comparable results, especially for macroelements, independent of the technique and standards used. The number of determined elements depended on the method and, naturally, on the concentration level. Therefore an important recommendation that can be made is to supply, with each archaeometric investigation, data from the analysis of appropriate Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) used in the study.