洪起畏墓红色颜料分析

2014年4月,杭州市文物考古研究所对洪起畏墓进行了考古发掘。由于被盗,墓内几无遗物出土,仅存一块红色棺板保存完好,此外墓室内四壁均涂满红色颜料。采用不同方法检测分析了这两种颜料,发现一为朱砂,一为土红,并对红色颜料进行了探讨。     

湖南耒阳城关汉墓

墓葬位于耒阳城关镇西北1公里的谢家山,山脚东北为衡(阳)耒(阳)公路,东距耒水800米(图一).谢家山为几座南北向的低矮小丘,上为约为1.2米厚的红色粘土层,其下为第四纪红色网纹土层.墓在山的东坡,因早年建房,上部无存,带墓道的长方形竖穴土坑墓深入于网纹土层.方向198°,坑长4.5、宽 3.3、残深2.8米.宽1.8米的阶梯墓道设前壁正中;墓室及墓道四壁光滑整齐,底平坦,内填粘土与网纹土掺和的五花土.根据随葬器物的放置情况和前室墓底残留     

陕西神木大保当东汉画像石墓

1996～1998年,在陕西省神木县大保当镇发现了26座东汉墓葬和一座汉代城址,其中14座墓出土了精美的画像石。2008年秋,在大保当镇又发掘了3座汉墓,其中2座墓(M1、M3)出土了画像石。画像石均为浅浮雕,局部涂有黑色和红色,内容主要有车马出行、神仙羽人、祥禽瑞兽等。这3座墓的时代应为东汉早中期。     

广西柳州市九头村一号汉墓

离广西柳州市区东南约3公里的九头村西,有三座残存封土的古墓,文物普查编号为M1、M2、M3。1982年冬,我馆对一号墓进行了清理。此墓残存封土高约1.5、直径约10米,为带墓道的长方形竖穴土坑墓。墓向为110度。斜坡式墓道,宽2.1米,倾斜31度。墓室东西长6.3、南北宽4、深3米。墓内两侧有两条纵沟,长4.8、宽O.2、深O.15米(图一)。墓壁经夯打,墓内填入黄红色土。葬具及骨架已腐朽,仅在墓室后部发现部分棺木痕迹。墓室两侧的纵沟可能是垫棺椁的枕     

南阳市彭营砖瓦厂战国楚墓

南阳市彭营砖瓦厂战国楚墓南阳市文物工作队１９８８年７月,南阳市卧龙乡彭营砖瓦厂在推土中发现一座古墓,市文物队接到报告后即派人去现场调查和清理。一、墓葬形制此墓为长方形土坑坚穴木椁墓。墓口由于取土而被破坏,墓内填土为黄、褐、红色花土,经过夯打,土质坚硬...     

南昌明宁靖王妃墓出土丝织品结晶盐的分析与去除

结晶盐是纺织品文物的污染因素之一,为探讨消除污染的方法,使用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线粉末衍射仪(XCRD)和能谱仪(EDS),对南昌明墓出土丝织品上的结晶盐成分进行分析测试。测试结果初步判断,结晶盐的主要成分为脂肪酸钙盐。结晶盐可以通过EDTA二钠的螯合作用去除。     

汉郁平大尹冯君孺人画像石墓研究补遗

唐河汉郁平大尹冯君孺人画像石墓,1978年发掘至今已经历了十多个年头。由于该墓石刻题记详细地标明了墓主人的身份、姓名、埋葬日期、墓室建筑的名称,作为标型墓,它对汉代画像石墓的起源、断代、画像石分期、新莽时期随葬器物的特征及其组合、散存画像石相对年代的认定等,均起到有益的作用。笔者曾参加了该墓的发掘、整理工作,认为对汉郁平大尹冯君孺人画像石墓(以下简称“冯墓”)的有关问题,尚值得作进一步的探讨,以完善这座汉画像石墓的研究工作。一、墓主人应为“冯君孺久”,而非“冯君孺人”“冯墓”中共发现石刻题记八石,计74字(前大门南门柱上端之题记有9字损毁,不计在内),书体为篆书。为叙述方便,现从     

关于凌源富家屯元墓壁画《探病图》

《文物》1985年第6期《凌源富家屯元墓》介绍了一号墓的精美壁画,其中有一幅称为《探病图》。细审画面,所描绘的六名女子,除左侧中间一人可认为是墓主人的妻妾外,余皆为侍女。其中一人端果盘;一人擎一柄红色团扇;三人拱手侍立。整个画面及色调与探病时的低沉气氛极不相符。床榻上并非墓主人蜷曲侧卧于红被之内,乃是一     

黄岩区屿头乡前礁村大坟岗墓出土宋代漆棺的漆膜测试分析

采用显微镜、扫描电镜、显微红外光谱、显微激光拉曼光谱、X射线荧光光谱等仪器和方法对黄岩区屿头乡前礁村大坟岗墓出土宋代男棺和女棺的漆膜分别进行分析研究。分析结果显示,男棺和女棺的漆膜采用的红色颜料的成分为硫化汞(HgS);男棺漆膜相较于女棺漆膜,制作工艺相对更加复杂,而且其降解程度较小,保存状态良好。     

略论张家口地区辽墓分期问题

自1971年宣化下八里村发现辽代张世卿壁画墓以来,张家口地区的辽墓在史学、美学和天文学研究方面所发挥的重要作用,已逐渐为人们所认识,并引起了学术界的广泛注意。近年来,随着该地区文物考古工作的开展,一批新的辽墓又相继出土,使人们对这里的辽墓有了新的了解。对张家口地区的辽墓进行分期研究,探索这里辽墓随葬器物的     

Liberty,Equality, Nobility: Kolnai,Tocqueville, and the Moral Foundations of Democracy

Abstract

Though few would attach the label of liberal to Dostoevsky as a thinker his life and work can be seen as motivated by a concern for human freedom. As an editor and author he advocated a course of action for his nation's intelligentsia that would transform the Russian autocracy into a liberal regime. This course of action was dictated by his insight into the necessary foundation for a liberal regime, a principle of self-abnegation that rested in turn on the conviction that human beings share in an immortal principle. This insight points to and gives content to the true goal of the liberal regime, the recognition and protection of human dignity.     

Paradigms,Assumptions, Enclosure,and Violence: The Hillforts of Strathdon

Abstract

This paper examines the assumptions and intellectual models that lie behind the debate around the connections between violence, warfare, and hillfort construction. These underlining academic paradigms have been heavily influenced by current social and political mores, which have created a context in which prehistoric and Early Medieval hillforts are studied in isolation and where the theoretical models have been developed from and with sole reference to the prehistoric period. In turn the debate in Scotland is based on a very limited number of dated hillforts. New excavation by the author from Aberdeenshire has allowed an attempt at an integrated settlement sequence and this is presented in the assumed context of violence as a dominant influencing factor in hillfort design and construction at specific periods.     

The Mythos,Ethos, and Pathos of the Humanities

Summary

Justifications of the humanities often employ a mythos that exceeds their historical dispositions and reach. This applies to justifications that appeal to an ‘idea’ of the humanities grounded in the cultivation of reason for its own sake. But the same problem affects more recent accounts that seek to shatter this idea by admitting an ‘event’ capable of dissolving and refounding the humanities in ‘being’. In offering a sketch of the emergence of the modern humanities from early modern humanism, the paper argues that these twin philosophical justifications fail to capture both the array of intellectual arts that have informed the humanities disciplines and the variety of uses to which these arts have been put. Nonetheless, the two philosophical constructions have had a concrete impact on the disposition of the modern humanities, seen in the respective structuralist and poststructuralist reconfigurations of the disciplines that began to take place under the banner of ‘theory’ during the 1960s. In discussing the effects of theory on the humanities in Australia, the paper focuses on the unforeseeable consequences of attempts to provide arts-based disciplines with a foundation either in cognitive structures or in an ‘event’ that shatters them.     

A Research-Led,Inquiry-Based Learning Experiment: Classic Landforms of Deglaciation,Glen Etive,Scottish Highlands

This paper reports an adaptation of a classroom-based, traditionally taught module to both facilitate field-based knowledge acquisition and contribute towards research. The module enabled students, through a combination of new research and co-learning, to achieve the original classroom-based learning outcomes. Students engaged enthusiastically with the research project, developing a deeper learning style as demonstrated by improved student performance and a sense of ownership of the learning experience. The study concludes that field-centred, inquiry-based learning draws heavily upon staff resources but is an effective means of facilitating teaching and research in tandem.     

Secularisation: process,program, and historiography

ABSTRACT

Today's dominant academic use of the term ‘secularisation’ refers to an epochal process that transformed a society based on Christian faith to one grounded in human reason. This paper argues that ‘secularisation’ had not been used in this sense prior to the 1830s, and that no such process has been shown to have taken place in early modernity. This new use of the term was in fact internal to rival secularising and sacralising programs. The notion of an epochal rationalisation of society was thus invoked by secularists seeking to turn a factional campaign into an historical process. Their sacralising opponents employed the same strategy when they claimed that this process contained a desecularising counter-current, or that secularisation was secretly grounded in an alienated religion whose de-alienation held the promise of a post-secular age. This suggests that until they can adduce evidence of an epochal rationalisation of society in early modernity, histories of secularisation should be regarded as disguised program-statements for rival cultural-political factions in the present.     

Science, gender, and the emergence of depression in American psychiatry, 1952-1980

Between the first (1952) and the third (1980) editions of psychiatry's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, depression emerged as a specific disease category with concrete criteria. In this article, I analyze this change over time in psychiatric theory and diagnosis through an examination of medication trials and category formation. Throughout, I pay particular attention to the ways in which psychiatrists and researchers invoked science in their clinical trials and disease theories, as well as the ways in which gender played an important but largely unspoken role in the formation of a category of depression.     

南京西善桥明代长春真人刘渊然墓

2010年12月,南京市博物馆考古部在南京市雨花台区西善桥街道梅山村发掘了一座明代单室券顶砖墓,从出土墓志可知墓主为明代早期道教领袖长春真人刘渊然。墓室内出土铜炉、铜烛台、铜瓶、铜尖状器、漆碗、石地券及墓志等,其中墓志虽残存百余字,但对文献记载有所补正。此墓的发现对于研究明代墓葬制度、道教礼仪等具有重要的学术价值。     

The Deserted Village, Slievemore, Achill Island, County Mayo, Ireland

The Deserted Village in Slievemore, currently the subject of research by archaeologists and students at the annual Achill Archaeological Summer Field School, consists of 74 buildings of an original 137. A survey of the architecture of the houses, excavation of a selected house, No. 36, and a field survey of the palimpsest of field systems surrounding the village suggest an origin for the village in the Early Medieval Period (A.D. 500–1200). Successive settlements modified, rebuilt, and destroyed much of the fabric of the original settlement, but sufficient diagnostic elements remain to plot tentatively the evolution of settlement up to and including final abandonment in the Post-Famine Period, ca. 1850–1890.     

Marx,Engels, and the Ethics of Violence in Revolt

Marx and Engels's thought—combined with the way in which it has been interpreted—has tended to militate against discussion of an ethics of violence in revolt. Along with Sorel and Fanon, their attitude towards violence is often seen simply as one where the ends justify the means and where violence in pursuit of a just society is necessarily defensible. However, we can (and should) look to certain sources within Marx and Engels for inspiration for an ethics of violence in revolt, which places emphasis on the humanizing aspects of their work, on the core ideas of freedom, moving beyond dehumanization and moving beyond violence. I argue that this approach suggests an abhorrence of any violence and can thus be combined with a pacifist-influenced approach to the ethics of violence in revolt. This is compatible with Ernst Bloch's interpretation of Marxism, which he describes as “concrete utopianism.” Classical Marxism can, then, offer fruitful pointers to an ethics of violence in political change, although Marx and Engels's texts must be used with considerable care and must be combined with the work of other thinkers, in particular those who display more explicit moral objection to violence of any kind.