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Jianfeng CuiNigel Wood Dashu Qin Lijun ZhouMikyung Ko Xin Li 《Journal of archaeological science》2012,39(4):818-827
The Ding kilns were some of the most famous early kilns of medieval China, producing huge quantities of white and cream-white porcelains of outstanding technical and aesthetic quality. Since 1949 they have been excavated three times, in 1965, in 1987, and in 2009 respectively. In this latest study 69 white porcelain sherds from assured contexts and from the 2009 excavations were analyzed using laser ablation techniques (ICP-AES). The samples date from Five Dynasties, Northern Song and Jin Dynasties respectively (early 10th to early 13th C CE). The results show that Ding wares of different times show different characteristics that can be demonstrated through chemical composition. During the early phase of production the Ding ware bodies consisted largely of high firing kaolinitic clays with predominantly calcareous materials as fluxes. After the early Northern Song Dynasty, some calcareous material was replaced by a more potassic material. The compositions of the glazes show a parallel evolution to the bodies. However, because the glazes are very low in titania it seems unlikely that the main clay ingredients of the bodies could have been used in the glaze recipes. For much of the kiln site’s history the glazes appear to have been made mainly from the same siliceous flux-rich materials that had been blended with the main body-clays used to make the Ding ware porcelains, plus some extra calcareous material. The P2O5 contents of the glazes suggest that wood ash may have been one source of CaO in the glaze recipes. 相似文献
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为研究重庆地区三峡工程抢救性发掘出土了一批宋元时期青白瓷的产地,采用中子活化方法,分析了28枚三峡出土宋元时期的青白瓷残片和20枚时期相近、窑口已知的青白瓷残片,利用SPSS软件对上述样品胎体的微量元素数据进行统计分析.结果发现:江西产青白瓷的稀土元素含量与福建、安徽、湖北等地差异显著,而Rb、Cs、Hf、Th等微量元素含量也明显不同;三峡出土的青白瓷样品中,除编号为荣阳5和涂山窑5这两枚残片外,其余残片的元素特征与景德镇所产青白瓷颇为一致,拟断定这些青白瓷源自景德镇. 相似文献
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There is a generally accepted view that there is an obvious distinction between proto‐porcelain and stamped stoneware. However, some early shards unearthed from the Dongtiaoxi region (northern Zhejiang) inspire people to rediscuss the relationship between them, because it is difficult to identify them as proto‐porcelain or stamped stoneware. In this work, we have collected samples from three of the earliest kiln sites (Piaoshan, Beijiashan and Nanshan) in the Dongtiaoxi region. We have analysed the chemical composition, firing temperature and phase composition of the samples. Comparing samples from the three kiln sites, we find that, from Piaoshan and Beijiashan to Nanshan, there has been progression in the manufacturing technology. The Shang proto‐porcelain and the stamped stoneware from Nanshan have similar raw materials, firing temperatures and body phase compositions—and they have obviously different decorative appearances, such as glazing or stamping. For ceramics from Piaoshan and Beijiashan, there is no clear distinction between glazed and unglazed samples. We believe that in the Dongtiaoxi region, the difference in the decoration between proto‐porcelain and stoneware became obvious up to the time of the Nanshan production but that, subsequently, two different paths for the development of high‐fired ceramics began to diverge. 相似文献
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本文讨论了中国古代高温釉器物的起源、基本特征、产地 ,以及陶瓷器族群不同种类的界定与命名等问题。作者认为 ,陶器和瓷器从商周时期开始形成两个不同的发展序列 ,二者各自发展 ,互有影响 ,且时代越晚 ,其关系越疏远。二者的联结点是特殊的陶器———印纹硬陶。 相似文献
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Li Li Guoxi Xie Songlin Feng Xiangqian Feng Lingtong Yan Jihao Zhu Yongqiang Li Hongye Han 《Journal of archaeological science》2013
More than one million shards of ancient Chinese porcelain were excavated at the Maojiawan pit in Beijing in September 2005. Among these shards, four types of ancient Chinese white porcelain were identified. The ages and provenances of three of these types of porcelain were accurately determined by archaeologists based on typology. However, different archaeologists interpreted the other/fourth type differently. According to the colour of the porcelain body, it was easily identified as the product of the Jingdezhen kilns of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644 AD). However, based on the vessel shape, this fourth type of porcelain was also identified as the product of the Cizhou kilns of the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368 AD). In order to determine the provenance of this type of ancient Chinese white porcelain, 131 shards comprising the four types of white porcelain identified at the site were selected as experimental specimens and analysed by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA). After the processing of experimental data by principal component analysis and geochemical analysis, the results show that the provenance of this type of ancient Chinese white porcelain is the Jingdezhen, not the Cizhou kiln. 相似文献
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为合理编制《辽中京遗址保护规划》,规划课题组对辽中京的历史沿革和遗址遗存进行了全面的调查、研究和评估。为此,采用能量色散X射线荧光(EDXRF)分析方法,对采集自内蒙古宁城县辽中京遗址的细白瓷进行了主量元素测定。所测数据与定窑、龙泉务窑细白瓷文献数据进行比较。统计显示所采细白瓷中67%落在定窑五代至北宋产品主成分区域内,说明遗址内细白瓷主要为辽代遗存,多产自北宋的定窑,充分反映了宋辽之间的密切交流。结合科技分析结果,推断城址内部分夯土遗存可以早至辽代晚期或金初。研究结果有助于确定辽中京遗址的辽代遗存,为保护规划的编制提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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近年来,杭州出土了一批白釉瓷器残片,特别是一些具有定窑风格的白瓷样品引发了众多考古工作者和古陶瓷爱好者的关注与浓厚兴趣。为探究其制作年代和产地,采用热释光技术和X射线荧光无损分析技术相结合的方法对一批杭州出土具有定窑风格的白瓷样品进行了检测分析。测试结果表明,这批白釉瓷片样品制作年代约处在北宋末年到南宋早期,胎的化学组成中Al2O3含量较高,最低24.78%,最高达33.06%,具备北方瓷器特点;胎中微量元素Rb、Sr、Zr含量的比例以及钙镁碱釉的特征与河北曲阳定窑极为相似。综合文献及其它人文考证,这批杭州出土的白瓷应该为北宋晚期至南宋早期产自于河北的定窑瓷器。此分析结果也将为研究宋金贸易及文化提供科学依据。 相似文献
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西域文化的影响是白瓷在华北初步发展的一个历史要素。早期白瓷从视觉形式上讲,具有模仿西域银器和玻璃器的特征;从技术上讲,得益于西域碱金属玻璃配方及碱釉技术的渗透。从北朝后期至隋代,粟特人和突厥人在中亚丝绸之路上的合作,极大地促进了西风东渐,这是早期白瓷的时代背景中最重要的因素。 相似文献
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以往由于实物资料的匮乏,孔雀绿釉、洒蓝釉、瓜皮绿釉瓷器很少有从科学技术方面进行的研究,近年由于景德镇明代御窑遗址几次较大规模的考古发掘,极大丰富了这方面的资料。为了从科技方面更深入了解这类瓷釉的性质并为其以后的保护提供资料,本研究采用显微形貌观测法、激光剥蚀进样电感耦合等离子体光谱、能量色散X荧光和扫描电镜等对这些考古出土的宣德时期的孔雀绿釉、洒蓝釉、瓜皮绿釉瓷器进行了分析。分析揭示了这三种釉的形貌特点、腐蚀现象、胎釉组成、釉层元素分布情况,发现了胎釉之间有化妆土的存在并揭示了此物质的成分特点,讨论了高碱釉的工艺特征、瓷釉性质、剥釉机理。分析结果可为后续保护研究提供参考。 相似文献
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明清期间景德镇祭红釉的化学组成对比研究及其科技意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了进一步讨论明清两代祭红釉的发展沿革,用探针型能量色散X荧光光谱技术测定了10片明永乐祭红釉和胎的化学组成,并结合已发表的相关数据,进行了对明清期间祭红釉和胎的对比研究。结果表明,明代(永乐-宣德—万历)的祭红釉相比于清代(康熙—雍正-乾隆)的R2O+RO(wt%)平均值约低20%,RO/R2O(mol/mol)平均值约低45%,RO2/R2O2,(mol/mol)平均值约高34%。明代永乐和宣德的祭红釉胎式分布RO:(m01)值均大于5.8,而清代样品均小于5.4。明清两代祭红釉化学组成的突然变化(shift),可能暗示明代的制釉工艺在清代已经失传,而在清代则白行发展起来。 相似文献
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为了更好地揭示清代不同地区建筑琉璃构件的原料、烧制工艺及其性能关系,本工作以北京故宫和辽宁黄瓦窑清代建筑琉璃构件为研究对象,利用WDXRF、EDXRF测定琉璃构件胎、釉的化学组成,利用热膨胀仪和理论计算方法测试计算胎、釉的热膨胀系数。在此基础上,研究了两地清代建筑琉璃构件胎釉的化学组成规律和胎釉热膨胀系数的匹配性关系。结果表明:两地琉璃构件釉料的化学组成基本一致,而琉璃构件胎体原料不同,北京故宫清代琉璃构件胎体化学组成属于硅-铝体系,辽宁黄瓦窑的琉璃构件则属于硅-铝-镁体系,因此两地胎釉热膨胀系数的匹配关系也不同。 相似文献
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龙虬庄遗址墓葬统计学分析尝试 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
使用统计学的方法对龙虬庄墓地的随葬品数量是与性别、年龄的关系,生产工具与男女分工关系,墓葬布局与社会结构关系进行检验,可作出更为科学的结论。 相似文献
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粗糙集理论(RST)及其在古陶瓷分类上应用的初探 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
为了获得古陶瓷器的产地和制造年代的信息,需要应用科学分析方法对古陶瓷器的化学组成数据进行归纳、分类。本文介绍了粗糙集理论(RST)的一些基本概念,同时给出了用粗糙集方法建立古陶瓷分类模型的基本步骤和对古陶瓷器化学组成数据的处理方法,通过对瓷器产地、时代判别的应用举例,表明用该方法对古陶瓷分类研究的效果能达到预期目的,回代检验分析结果正确率为100%。 相似文献
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Vincenzo Ferrini Caterina De Vito Silvano Mignardi Damiano Venanzio Fucinese 《Journal of archaeological science》2012
In this study we investigate the provenance of the limestone and marble used to made carved slabs today placed in three churches located in Raiano and Vittorito (Peligna Valley, Abruzzo, Italy) and in Spoleto (Umbria, Italy). The slabs, representative examples of the Langobard art (Middle Ages), are dated approximately from 8th to 9th centuries A.D. and have the same pattern in terms of decoration, suggesting a progressive expansion of Langobards in central and southern Italy, after the foundation of the Pavia Kingdom. 相似文献
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景德镇湖田窑北宋仁宗时期(1023—1063年)新出现了褐色点彩装饰器物,其工艺特征、技术来源和对景德镇元代以后釉下彩绘工艺的影响一直受到广泛关注。研究采用能量色散X荧光光谱分析仪、光学相干断层扫描仪、体式显微镜、高温热膨胀仪等,分析了8件北宋褐色点彩瓷枕样品的胎、釉、彩的化学组成,及胎体吸水率和烧成温度,初步揭示了景德镇湖田窑出土北宋褐色点彩瓷枕的制作工艺和化学组成特征。结果显示,褐彩瓷枕胎体表面留有明显的网格纹痕迹,在棱边内侧有镶接和泥条加固痕迹,应是在布上拍打成泥片后,逐面镶接成型制得;胎体烧结状态、烧成温度和吸水率相差较大,表面褐色图案为采用富铁原料在胎体表面彩绘后,施灰釉后经1100℃以上高温一次烧制而成。研究结果不仅有利于明晰其化学组成特征和工艺特征信息,而且将为研究和揭示景德镇早期彩绘装饰的发展提供科学参考。 相似文献
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熊樱菲 《文物保护与考古科学》2012,24(Z1):45-51
中国是最早烧制高温陶瓷的国家,从原始瓷开始,含铁原料制作的颜色釉瓷贯穿了整个中国制瓷的历史,从而产生了呈色各异、品种繁多的铁釉瓷.为研究影响铁釉瓷呈色的各类因素,本工作综合应用成分分析方法,对一些典型的铁釉瓷品种进行定量测定.研究表明:高温铁釉中Fe2O3的含量范围从1%至高达约18%,铁的含量对釉的呈色起着决定性的作用;同时窑炉的烧成气氛和原料中的TiO2含量变化会影响Fe2+、Fe3+的生成比例,从而使釉色发生改变;另外,原料中MnO的含量、施釉工艺等也会对釉色产生影响.研究结果将对我国高温铁釉瓷制作技术的产生、发展有一个更好的诠释. 相似文献